Thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer networks based on polybenzimidazole and poly (1, 2-dimethy-3-allylimidazolium) for anion exchange membranes

A new series of thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer network (TIPN) anion exchange membranes (AEMs) based on poly [2,2′- (p-oxydiphenylene) −5, 5′-bibenzimidazole] (OPBI) and poly(1, 2-dimethy-3-allylimidazolium) (PDAIm) (PBI/DAIm TIPN) has been developed. With 1, 2-dimethy-3-allylimidazolium (DAIm) polymerization in presence of OPBI polymer chains, two kinds of uncrosslinked polymer chains, i.e. PDAIm and OPBI interpenetrate with each other to form a physically crosslinking network. Small steric hindrance effect of the DAIm monomer and non-covalent crosslinking interpenetrating polymer chains contribute to better compatibility and chains flexibility in the TIPN compared with the blend and semi-interpenetrating networks, which are evidenced by SEM and SAXS, promote the aggregation of hydrophilic groups and induce connective ionic conductive channels. PBI/DAIm TIPN membranes achieve well-balanced performance between high hydroxide conductivity and dimensional stability because of the dynamically forced compatibility feature of TIPN. Especially, the PBI/DAIm TIPN-65/0.5 membrane exhibits high hydroxide conductivity (96.7   mS   cm −1 ) and low swelling ratio (4.4%) at 80   °C. With low overall alkali uptake (2.89%) and IEC (0.63   mmol   g −1 ) of functional groups, it exhibits excellent chemical stability in 1   M KOH at 60   °C for 96   h (94.0% retention) and high tensile strength (48.2   MPa) in hydrated state. These observations suggest TIPN structure provides a promising solution to the electrochemical-mechanical balance of AEMs.