Glycerol carbonate synthesis from glycerol and dimethyl carbonate using guanidine ionic liquids

A large number of surplus glycerol from the biodiesel production can be used as renewable feedstock to produce glycerol carbonate. In this paper, a series of guanidine-based ionic liquids were synthesized to catalyze the transesterification of glycerol and dimethyl carbonate. The tunable basicity and the anion–cation cooperative effect were responsible for the obtained results. The [TMG][TFE] showed the best activity (turnover frequency (TOF) of 1754.0   h −   1 , glycerol (GL) conversion of 91.8%, glycerol carbonate (GC) selectivity of 95.5%) at 80   °C with 0.1   mol% catalyst for 30   min. The reaction mechanism of the transesterification was also proposed.