Fabrication of dense barium zirconate fibers by electrospinning with different complex agents

Acetic acid, lactic acid, and trifluoroacetic acid were used as complex agents for the preparation of dense barium zirconate fibers with electrospinning method. The formation of lactate when lactic acid was used as complex agent led to a mild decomposition process which was beneficial for the fabrication of dense barium zirconate fibers. High temperature stable intermediate phase of BaF 2 appeared when trifluoroacetic acid was used. The intermediate phase of BaF 2 was disadvantageous for pure and dense barium zirconate formation. While water vapor preheat treatment for BaF 2 contained fibers was an effective way for the fabrication of pure and dense barium zirconate fibers.