HCl, KCl and KOH solvation resolved solute-solvent interactions and solution surface stress

An incorporation of the hydrogen bond (O:H O or HB) cooperativity notion, contact angle detection, and the differential phonon spectrometrics (DPS) has enabled us to gain refined information on the HCl, KCl and KOH solvation resolved solute-solvent molecular interactions and the solution surface stresses. Results show that ionic polarization stiffens the solvent H O bond phonon from 3200 to 3480   cm −1 in the hydration shells. The HO − in alkaline solution, however, shares not only the same H O phonon redshift of compressed water from 3200 to <   3100   cm −1 but also the dangling bonds of H 2 O surface featured at 3610   cm −1 . Salt and alkaline solvation enhances the solution surface stress by K + and Cl − ionic polarization. The excessive H + proton in acid solution forms a H↔H anti-HB that depresses the solution surface stress, instead. The solute capability of transforming the fraction of the O:H O bonds of the solvent matrix is featured by: f H   =   0 and f x ∝ 1-exp(-C/C 0 ) (x   =   HO − ,   K + and Cl − ) towards saturation. Exercises not only confirm the presence of the H↔H anti-HB point fragilization, the O:⇔:O super-HB point compression, and ionic polarization dominating the performance of the respective HCl, KOH, and KCl solutions, but also demonstrate the power of the DPS that enables high resolution of solute-solute-solvent interactions and correlation between HB relaxation and solution surface stress.