Fabrication and characterization of honeycomb β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds through an extrusion technique

In this study, for the first time honeycomb β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds were fabricated through an extrusion technique. The physicochemical properties and cell behaviors of the honeycomb β-TCP scaffolds were investigated. The results showed that scaffolds were characterized by ordered channel-like macropores and unidirectional interconnection. The pore structure and mechanical strength could be tailored by changing the parameters of extrusion molds. The pore size of scaffolds was in the range of 400–800   µm approximately, while their compressive strength parallel to the pore direction and porosity ranged from 14 to 20   MPa and 60–70%, respectively. The in vitro cell behavior demonstrated that cells could well attach on the surfaces and grow into the inner channel-like pores of the scaffolds; the scaffolds with higher porosity showed better cell proliferation but poorer cell differentiation. The honeycomb scaffolds fabricated by extrusion technique are potential candidate for bone tissue engineering.