Preparation of a polymer monolith modified with delaminated layered double hydroxides for the microextraction of β-agonists

In the present study, a novel poly(acrylamide- co - N -isopropylacrylamide- co -ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic column modified with saline-modified delaminated layered double hydroxides was developed and exploited as the stationary phase in the polymer monolith microextraction of β-agonists. Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis with derivative thermogravimetric determination were employed to characterize the monoliths. By coupling with high-performance liquid chromatography determinations, extraction parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including sample volume, flow rate, sample pH, eluent volume, and eluent flow rate were investigated with an orthogonal experiment design, L 16 (4 5 ). Results demonstrated that under the optimal experimental conditions, low limits of detection in the range of 0.025–0.280 ng/mL were obtained with relative standard deviations in the range of 4.3–7.6% (intraday) and 6.7–8.8% (interday). When the developed method was applied to the analysis of β-agonists in pork samples, recovery values were obtained in the range of 80.5−108.6%.