Gentle way to build reduced titanium dioxide nanodots integrated with graphite-like carbon spheres: From DFT calculation to experimental measurement

Extending the ultraviolet response of anatase TiO 2 into visible light range and effectively decreasing the recombination rate of photo-generated carriers are vital to promote the practical applications in the fields of hydrogen generation and water pollutant treatment of TiO 2 -based photocatalysts. Here we present a mild way to build composite of partial reduced TiO 2 nanodots coated graphite-like carbon spheres (g-CS@TiO 2-X ) via a green solvothermal approach with relative low temperature. The chemical structure and electronic property of 3D g-CS@TiO 2-X composites have been investigated by DFT. Our DFT calculation results indicates that some mid-levels are formed between the CB and VB of TiO 2-X , which is beneficial to its visible absorption ability. The calculation results also show that bridge of Ti O C formed between g-CS and TiO 2-X may let the composite possesses superior charge separation property. The experimental results demonstrate that the obtained 3D g-CS@TiO 2-X can serve as an effective visible-light-driven photocatalyst for hydrogen production and organic pollutants degradation. The good visible light absorption introduced by Ti 3+ and 3D g-CS, the well-known electron transfer capability of g-CS, the matched electron structures of TiO 2-X and g-CS, and perfect interface between TiO 2-X and g-CS (Ti O C bridge), efficiently boost visible light photocatalytic performance via one-level electron transfer process.