Adsorptive removal of Lead from water by the effective and reusable magnetic cellulose nanocomposite beads entrapping activated bentonite

Many efforts have been driven to decontaminate the drinking water, and the development of efficient adsorbents with the advantages of cost-effectiveness and operating convenience for the removal of Pb 2+ from water is a major challenge. This work was aimed to explore the possibility of using cellulose-based adsorbents for efficient adsorption of Pb 2+ . The millimeter-scale magnetic cellulose-based nanocomposite beads were fabricated via an optimal extrusion dropping technology by blending cellulose with the carboxyl-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles and acid-activated bentonite in NaOH/urea aqueous solution, and then they had been tested to evaluate the effectiveness in the removal of Pb 2+ from water. The effects of contact time, initial heavy metal ion concentrations, adsorption isotherms and solution pH on the sorption behavior were studied. The thermodynamic parameters (Δ G , Δ H and Δ S ) indicated that the adsorption processes were feasible, spontaneous, endothermic and mainly controlled by chemical mechanisms. The reusability of the adsorbent was also studied.