A potential fluorescent probe: Maillard reaction product from glutathione and ascorbic acid for rapid and label-free dual detection of Hg2+ and biothiols

Maillard reactions and their fluorescent products have drawn much attention in the fields of food and life science, however, the application of fluorescent products separated from the reaction as an indicator for detection of certain substances in sensor field has not been mentioned. In this article, we report on an easy-to-synthesize and water-soluble fluorescent probe separated from the typical Maillard reaction products of glutathione and ascorbic acid , with excellent stability and high quantum yield (18.2%). The further application of the probe has been explored for dual detection of Hg 2+ and biothiols including cysteine, homocysteine , and glutathione, which is based on Hg 2+ -induced fluorescence quenching of the Maillard reaction fluorescent products (MRFPs) and the fluorescence recovery as the introduction of biothiols. This sensing system exhibits a good selectivity and sensitivity, and the linear ranges for Hg 2+ , cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione are 0.05–12, 0.5–10, 0.3–20, and 0.3–20   μM, respectively. The detection limits for Hg 2+ , cysteine, homocysteine, and glutathione are 22, 47, 96, and 30   nM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, respectively. Furthermore, the practical applications of this sensor for Hg 2+ and biothiols determination in water samples and human plasma sample have been demonstrated with satisfactory results.