Grain growth behavior and mechanical properties of zirconium micro-alloyed and nano-size zirconium carbide dispersion strengthened tungsten alloys

Dense fine-grained pure W, W–1.0   wt.%Zr (WZ), W–1.0   wt.%ZrC (WZC) and W–1.0   wt.%Zr–1.0   wt.%ZrC (WZZC) alloys were fabricated by spark plasma sintering . The grains in WZ and WZZC alloys are stable at annealing temperatures below 1400   °C (1   h), while the grains in pure W grow significantly above 1100   °C annealing. The tensile tests indicate that WZ is ductile already at 400   °C, which is about 200   °C lower than that for pure W. WZC exhibits higher hardness at room temperature than pure W. The ultimate tensile strength of WZC at 600   °C is 798   MPa, about 2.6 times that of pure W. Based on microstructural analysis , the good thermal stability of tungsten grains in WZ and WZZC samples is suggested to be originated from the W–Zr–O and/or Zr–C–O particles which are dispersed on or near the grain boundaries of tungsten and inhibit their migration. The improved tensile properties of the WZ, WZC and WZZC alloys originate (i) from the enhanced GB cohesion by Zr micro-alloying and (ii) from dispersion strengthening by nano-sized ZrC particles.