Selective microextraction of carbaryl and naproxen using organic–inorganic monolithic columns containing a double molecular imprint

We report on an organic–inorganic hybrid material that was double imprinted with the insecticide carbaryl and the anti-inflammatory drug naproxen by a single-step method and that can serve for selective microextraction of the two analytes. The materials, in the form of monolithic columns, were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform IR spectra. A simple, rapid and sensitive method was then developed for the simultaneous determination of carbaryl and naproxen in lettuce and river water using these columns for microextraction, HPLC for separation, and a diode array for UV detection. The limits of detection (at S/N = 3) and quantification (at S/N = 10) are in the ranges of 2.5 – 8.8 μg kg −1 and 2.3 – 8.0 μg L −1 for lettuce and Yangtze River water, respectively. The recoveries of this method range from 93.0 to 108 % (in case of analyzing lettuce and river water), and relative standard deviations are <8.9 %. An organic–inorganic hybrid carbaryl and naproxen imprinted monolithic column was synthesized, characterized and applied. The derivated double-template imprinted polymer showed high selectivity and enrichment ability for templates. It can be used as an alternative technique for extracting carbaryl and naproxen from complex samples.