Ultra-thin WO3 nanorod embedded polyaniline composite thin film: Synthesis and electrochromic characteristics

Ultra-thin WO 3 nanorods (NRs) embedded polyaniline (PANI) composite thin films were synthesized by embedding WO 3 NRs into polyaniline using a surface-initiated-polymerization method, followed by spin-coating deposition. The ultra-thin WO 3 NRs with length of 60   nm and diameter of 4   nm were prepared by a solvothermal method . The nanofillers were well-dispersed in the polymer matrix . The nanocomposites were finally deposited onto ITO-coated glass via spin-coating technology. The electrochromic contrast, switching speed, and durability of the composite films were investigated in details. The composite film, being a dual electrochromic material, varied from purple to green, light yellow and finally dark blue. The switching speed (0.9   s) is much faster than the films only composed of WO 3 NRs. The durability of the hybrid film was enhanced compared with neat WO 3 NRs film.