Production of ethyl levulinate by direct conversion of wheat straw in ethanol media

The production of ethyl levulinate from wheat straw by direct conversion in ethanol media was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the effects of processing parameters, and the regression analysis was performed on the data obtained. A close agreement between the experimental results and the model predictions was achieved. The optimal conditions for ethyl levulinate production from wheat straw were acid concentration 2.5%, reaction temperature 183   °C, mass ratio of liquid to solid 19.8 and reaction time 36   min. Under the optimum conditions, the yield of ethyl levulinate 17.91% was obtained, representing a theoretical yield of 51.0%. The results suggest that wheat straw can be used as potential raw materials for the production of ethyl levulinate by direct conversion in ethanol media.