A gelatin-chitosan-based film containing berberine hydrochloride/polypyrrole that promotes infectious wound healing through antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and electrical conductivity

Wound infections are a significant threat to human health. Therefore, the development of wound dressings with rapid antimicrobial properties is crucial to promote effective wound healing. In this study, chitosan (CS) was combined with gelatin (GE) to create an active film dressing (GC/BP) loaded with berberine hydrochloride (BH) and polypyrrole (PPY). After the incorporation of the bioactive materials, the film retained good mechanical properties, allowing it to withstand changes in the external environment of the wound. The antimicrobial effect of the GC/BP film exceeded 99 % after brief exposure to near-infrared light. In addition, the GC/BP film demonstrated a strong antioxidant effect with a DPPH clearance rate of 92.54 % within 48 h. In vivo experiments revealed that GC/BP films could enhance angiogenesis by upregulating the expression of the growth factor CD31, reducing oxidative stress by downregulating TNF-α expression, and accelerating the formation of fibrous tissues to promote wound healing. Importantly, the GC/BP film exhibited no cytotoxicity or hemolysis and demonstrated good biocompatibility. In conclusion, the GC/BP film is a safe and effective wound dressing with a promising potential for promoting wound healing.