A novel amine-first strategy suitable for pre-paring both functional and engineering bi-opolyamides: Furfurylamine as the sole furan source of bisfu-ranic dia-mine/diacid monomers

Biomass-based polyamides (bioPAs) are renewable materials that are viable alternatives to petroleum-based polyamides in the engineering field. However, the attention to designing functional bioPAs with tunable properties has been limited. Herein, by taking furfurylamine as the sole furan source, we first utilized amine-acid oxidative coversion to prepare bisfuranic diacid monomer directly from bisfuranic diamine monomer(amine-first strtegy), it was totally different to castor oil-based acid-first strategy of preparing PA1010. Then the as-prepared multifunctional diamine/diacid monomers underwent polycondensation to obtain all-furan based bioPAs with or without functinal pendant groups. The properties of bioPAs, incuding glass transition temperatue, degradation character, solubility, etc, can be regulated over a larger range through the design of the spacer structure between two furan rings on diamine monomers. Charged bioPAs with cationic or anionic groups were further developed by postpolymerization modification. The oppositely charged bioPAs, sharing an identical main chain structure but different pendent groups, formed porous polyelectrolyte complexes owing to their rigid main chain. Therefore, this research provides a novel strategy for preparing both functional and engineering furan-based bioPAs.