A novel enrichment and sensitive method for rapid determination of 4 sulfonamide antibiotics residues in fish

Sulfonamide antibiotics with superior performance are widely used in aquaculture. However, the residues of sulfonamide antibiotics in aquatic products may pose a threat to human health. In this work, a novel type of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (mMIP) was synthesized and coupled with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for the selective separation and determination of 4 sulfonamide antibiotics residues in tilapia. The structure and adsorption properties of the polymers were characterized and evaluated. The key mMIP variables were investigated to determine the optimal magnetic solid phase extraction conditions. Results showed that the mMIPs had saturated adsorption capacities of 137.4, 78.7, 65.2, and 58.4 mg/g for trimethoprim, sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, and sulfamethoxazole, respectively. Under optimized conditions, the linear range of the method for the detection of the 4 sulfonamides was 0.1–100 ng mL −1 ( R  > 0.991), the detection limit was 0.015 μg kg −1 (S/N = 3), the recovery rate was 78.6–101%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD%) was 4.2–7.8%. This new rapid and ultra-sensitive pretreatment method was successfully applied to the monitoring of trace sulfonamide antibiotics residues in fish samples.