An intrinsic dendrites-free aqueous ammonium-iodine battery: Structural design, miniaturization and scale up

The plentiful and renewable nature of iodine confers metal-iodine batteries (MIBs) a benefit in the advancement of energy storage technology with high energy and power densities. However, dendrite growth and susceptibility to electrolyte corrosion not only result in low anode utilization but also severely affect battery stability. This paper introduces an ammonium-iodine batteries (AIBs) structure that leverages the inertness of organic materials to iodide ions, thereby avoiding the electrolyte corrosion issues commonly found in the metal anodes of traditional MIBs. Additionally, the use of a non-metallic anode eliminates the impact of dendrite growth on battery stability and increases the anode utilization rate. Because of these features, AIBs attain a high specific capacity of 242mAh g −1 and preserve an 80.7 % capacity retention rate following approximately 2000 cycles at a current density of 10 A g −1 . We have also developed micro batteries and pouch cells to verify the feasibility of the structure. This work provides an innovative strategy for iodine batteries energy storage system.