An ultrasensitive electrochemical sensor based on NiFe-LDH-MXene and ruthenium nanoparticles composite for detection of nitrofurantoin in food samples

The excessive use of nitrofurantoin (NFT) represents a threat to ecosystems and food safety, making it necessary to develop efficient and accurate detection methods. Herein, the Ru/NiFe-LDH-MXene/SPCE electrode was successfully synthesized by one-step electrodeposition and employed to the NFT electrochemical sensing. Combining 2D MXenes with multifunctional 2D layered double hydroxides (LDHs) creates synergistic interactions within the MXene-LDH heterostructures, modifying the electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the incorporation of noble metal nanoparticles and nanoclusters can significantly enhance electrochemical performance by promoting favorable interactions at the metal-carrier interface and optimizing the rearrangement of electronic structure. Based on this, the developed Ru/NiFe-LDH-MXene/SPCE sensor demonstrates remarkable sensitivity (152.44 μA μM −1  cm −2 ) and an ultralow detection limit (2.2 nM). Notably, the sensor was employed for NFT detection in food samples with satisfactory recoveries, making it a promising electrochemical sensor for the detection of NFT.