Analysis of the components and toxicity of the guttation of Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) Schott

Alocasia cucullata (Lour.) Schott is a member of the Araceae family and is characterized by its unique leaf morphology and vibrant flowers; thus, it is a valuable addition to gardens and interior decor. However, A. cucullata may contain toxic compounds, including calcium oxalate crystals, lectins, and alkaloids, and their distribution within the plant tissues remains poorly understood. In this study, untargeted metabolomics was used to analyse the distribution of the bioactive compounds across the roots, stems, leaves, and guttation of A. cucullata . The toxic effects of these tissues on the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line were evaluated using the MTT assay. Microscopic techniques were utilized to examine the microstructure of the guttation and stems, and the focus was on the morphology of the calcium oxalate crystals. Liquid chromatography and ELISA kits were used to quantify the calcium oxalate and lectin contents in the various tissues. The results demonstrated that the active constituents, primarily fatty acids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, peptides, and alkaloids, were concentrated in the roots. Notably, guttation exhibited no toxicity and lacked both calcium oxalate crystals and significant lectin levels. This research enhances the understanding of the bioactive composition and safety profile of A. cucullata and provides a theoretical foundation for future scientific investigations and safe cultivation, with implications for both scientific and industrial applications.