Bifunctional photocatalyst/hydrogel composites: Synergistic effects and degradation mechanisms for the degradation of benzo(a)pyrene in smoked sausages

Benzo( a )pyrene (B( a )P) is a structurally stable and carcinogenic compound, and B( a )P deposition and transport from smoking environment particulates to smoked meat products is a global challenge. In this study, a novel photosensitive bifunctional composite gel (ST/SiO 2 -Mn) was successfully synthesized as a reliable material for reducing PM 2.5 -B( a )P in the smoke environment. B( a )P removal experiments demonstrated that the adsorption and filtration properties of the gel effectively reduced the emission of PM 2.5 -B( a )P in smoke environment. The ST/SiO 2 -Mn gel removed 88.5 % of PM 2.5 -B( a )P in 240 min, which further led to a 59.7 % decrease in B( a )P on the sausage surface. In addition, photocatalytic experiments demonstrated that the ST/SiO 2 -Mn composite could effectively remove B( a )P, and 50 μg/mL B( a )P could be completely degraded within 20 min. Free radical trapping experiments showed that superoxide radicals (•O 2 -) contributed significantly to the degradation process. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights for effective PM 2.5 -B( a )P degradation without increasing economic burden.