Characterization of cooked off-flavor volatile sulfur-containing compounds in green tea and their thermal inhibition via (−)-epigallocatechin gallate

Cooked note is an undesired flavor in green tea, while the key odorants and inhibition mechanisms were unknown. Here, volatiles of four green tea samples and two thermal reaction models of methionine-glucose and methional were assessed using gas chromatography‑sulfur chemiluminescence detector and two dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Nonvolatiles of reaction models were determined using ultra performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry. Four cooked smelling sulfur-containing odorants including dimethyl trisulfide, dimethyl sulfide, diethyl disulfide, and methanethiol having odor activity values > 1 were characterized in tea samples. Aroma addition tests confirmed dimethyl trisulfide (> 0.4 μg/L) as a reliable predictor of the cooked note. Seven sulfur-containing odorants were detected in reaction models. The addition of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate depleted glucose and interrupted the reaction, thus reduced sulfur-containing odorants' amounts. The study provides a novel insight on targeted strategic guidance for mitigating cooked off-flavor during the thermal processing of green tea production.