Construction of bio-inspired multifunctional triple-layered nanocomposite enhances the cell adhesion and treatment of wound repair

A bio-inspired multifunctional nanocomposite comprises a triple-layer keratin (KER)/collagen (COG)/bioactive glass (BGN) matrix. A fibrous material was developed by combining lyophilized methods. The material consists of three layers: a fibrous layer on top, a spongy layer, and a porous layer at the bottom. The design aims to enhance the physicochemical and biological properties of the nanocomposites through synergistic effects. FTIR and SEM were employed to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of the final material. The triple-layer nanocomposites include a porous structure and fibrous with excellent stability, swelling, and porosity, which are crucial for tissue engineering. Fibroblast L929 and keratinocyte HaCaT cells were utilized to study the nanocomposites’ in vitro biological and fluorescence properties. L929 cell migration was enhanced at 100 μg/mL concentrations of the samples after 24 h of damage in a wound scratch assay. The results demonstrated strong cell adhesion and growth throughout the composite layers. The antimicrobial was examined using Staphylococcus aureus (Gram +Ve) and Escherichia coli (Gram −Ve) pathogens, and the results reveal that KER/COG/BGN triple-layered nanocomposite effectively kills the bacteria. Combining fibrous material implantation on collagen with keratin and bioglass has successfully constructed a triple-layer matrix for wound-repairing tissue engineering.