Dendrite-Free and Highly Stable Zn Metal Anode with Superconducting Nb3Sn Alloy Layer

Despite the recent resurgence of rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries (RAZBs), challenges persist for Zn metal anodes, including dendrite growth and corrosion in mild aqueous electrolytes during cycling. Developing a simple and effective solution is crucial. This study introduces a one-step strategy to create a protective layer at room temperature comprising the superconductor Nb3Sn and embedded Zn foil. The Nb3Sn–Zn composite, with a high Zn2+ transfer number and uniform nucleation sites, exhibits excellent zinc affinity and synergistic effects. This composite effectively inhibits dendrite growth by controlling Zn nucleation and prevents Zn corrosion and hydrogen evolution by shielding the Zn metal surface from electrolyte attack. The Nb3Sn–Zn composite shows remarkable electrochemical properties, including a low voltage hysteresis, high Coulombic efficiency, and prolonged cycling stability. Furthermore, a full cell utilizing the Nb3Sn–Zn anode and MnO2 cathode demonstrates superior rate capability and cycle life stability. The present research introduces an innovative methodology for the design of dendrite-free Zn anodes suitable for practical applications.