Direct Catalysis-Driven Yarn Artificial Muscles: Chemically Induced Actuation

Yarn artificial muscles offer an exciting avenue to replicate the extraordinary efficiency of biological muscles, converting chemical energy directly into mechanical work. Nevertheless, realizing the chemical-mechanical energy conversion has posed significant challenges. In this study, a novel approach for harnessing direct catalysis to power yarn artificial muscles within a one-compartment aqueous system is introduced. This research distinguishes itself through an innovative actuation mechanism using nanoscale catalytic particles. These nanoparticles synthesized and integrated onto the yarn surface act as a chemical trigger for muscle actuation. Notably, the resulting yarn muscle demonstrates a reversible tensile stroke of nearly 4% in ≈20 s. By bridging the gap between chemical catalysis and mechanical performance, this study paves the way for innovative applications in fields ranging from robotics to biomedical devices.