Direct extraction of ten estrogens from milk samples with DVB/NVP-modified magnetic solid-phase extraction adsorbent followed by pre-column derivatization-UHPLC-MS/MS

Estrogens and their analogues can cause harm to human health through the food chain. Ten estrogens in different milk samples were directly extracted by amphiphilic divinylbenzene/ N -vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (DVB/NVP)-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -based magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) followed by pre-column derivatization and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) detection. Under the optimal conditions, the limits of detection for ten analytes were in the range of 0.05–0.38 ng mL −1 in whole liquid milk matrix and 0.04–3.00 ng g −1 in milk powder matrix. The intra-/inter-day accuracy ranged in 83.4–113.8%, with RSDs in 2.5–15.0%. A total of 15 brands of liquid milk and milk powder samples were analyzed, and only estradiol was detected in three brands of boxed liquid milk within safe range. The proposed sample pretreatment eliminated the common protein precipitation process, improved the sample throughput, and has the potential for routine testing of estrogens and their analogues in market-sale milk samples.