Dynamic analysis of bovine bone high-temperature hydrolysate emulsion formation based on microstructure and physicochemical interactions

In the food industry, the emulsifying process alters both the stability and quality of the emulsified products prepared by bovine bone high-temperature hydrolysate (BBHH). The microstructure and interactions of BBHH emulsion were characterized by cryo-scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-SEM) and Raman spectroscopy during emulsification. Notably, BBHH emulsion exhibited the best properties under emulsifying for 120 s, attributed to its interfacial adsorption characteristics. In terms of microstructure, the droplets were small and uniform, and the cross-linking and network structure between the droplet surfaces were obvious at 120 s. Raman spectroscopy indicated that the adsorption of BBHH at the oil-water interface mainly involved an increase of the β-sheet at the expense of the α-helix region. In addition, protein adsorption and structural development at the interface were driven by hydrophobic interactions, while further rearrangement and polymerization were mediated by disulfide bonds. Furthermore, the stability and particle size distribution of the emulsion also supported the results. This study provided a theoretical basis for the behavior of BBHH emulsion formation, which expanded valuable insights into the mechanisms by which liquid food emulsification systems mediated by animal-derived proteins and how they behave under a variety of external conditions.