Enhanced cryolite resistance of CA6-based refractory castables through the phase distribution of ferrotitanium slag

Ferrotitanium slag (FTS) is the waste product that has gained attention as a potential calcium hexaaluminate (CA 6 ) resource in recent years. In this study, the phase distribution of FTS and CA 6 aggregate was compared, and its effect on the cryolite resistance of castables was further studied. Scanning electron microscopy and least-squares refinement program were used to characterize the phase distribution and crystallographic parameters of ferrotitanium slag. Computational and experimental results demonstrate that ferrotitanium slag contains denser and larger hibonite crystals compared to synthetic calcium hexaaluminate. Ti element exists in the hibonite crystal in the form of coupled substitution or direct substitution of Al 3+ . Performance evaluation in refractory castables also confirms the resulting improvement in corrosion resistance.