Enhanced Dye Separation With Mixed Matrix Membranes Incorporating ZIF-8@COF Binary Nanofillers

Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have emerged as a promising solution for the treatment of dye wastewater. A key challenge in advancing MMMs is how to effectively integrate two nanofillers with distinct advantages to mitigate the limitations of single-nanofiller systems. In this study, we present a binary nanofiller strategy, utilizing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), to fabricate polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based MMMs. By systematically adjusting the mass ratio of ZIF-8 MOF and TFB-BD(Me) 2 COF, the separation efficiency of membranes for dyes with different charges, capitalizing on the molecular sieving properties of MOFs and the superior compatibility of COFs was evaluated. The optimized membrane demonstrated a rejection of 91.66% for Congo red (CR), along with a water permeance of 641.9 L m −2 h −1 bar −1 . This work represents a novel attempt in the design of binary-nanofiller MMMs, offering new insights into the synergistic effects of hybrid nanofillers in membrane technology.