Enhanced removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions using a zero-valent nickel/iron-PDA@PVDF membrane prepared via a simple blending method

Nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) is extensively employed in the realm of wastewater treatment. However, conventional synthesis methods involve inherent risks of nZVI oxidation and aggregation, resulting in challenging recovery and potential waste generation. To address these concerns and improve stability, nano zero-valent nickel (nZVNi) was employed as a modifier for nZVI. The modified nZVNi/nZVI was successfully blended with polydopamine (PDA)-modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) powder, enabling the preparation of a novel hydrophilic composite membrane termed nZVNi/nZVI-PDA@PVDF (NFPP). PDA played a crucial role in effectively immobilizing nZVI particles and preventing their oxidation and aggregation. Scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm the consistent dispersion of nZVNi/nZVI particles both on the surface of the membrane and within its pores. Moreover, the NFPP membrane exhibited excellent performance in removing Cr(VI), with a maximum adsorption capacity of 75.65 mg/g. The presence of PDA endowed the NFPP membrane with a plentiful supply of hydroxyl and amino groups, enhancing its hydrophilicity, antioxidation properties, and loading capacity for nZVNi/nZVI. Additionally, the NFPP membrane demonstrated remarkable resistance to interference under different pH and ionic conditions. The removal of Cr(VI) by the NFPP membrane followed a pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. Furthermore, the NFPP membrane retained good performance and stability in Cr(VI) removal even after undergoing five cycles. This study indicates that the highly efficient NFPP composite material holds promising potential for application as a functional material in heavy metal wastewater treatment.