Experimental study on preparation and heat transfer efficiency of ethylene glycol/water-based hybrid nanofluids enhanced by graphene oxide/MXene nanoparticles

In this study, the preparation and heat transfer efficiencies of ethylene glycol (EG)/water-based (50:50) hybrid nanofluids were enhanced using graphene oxide (GO)/MXene (1:1) nanoparticles. The stability of the nanofluids was analyzed, and the thermal conductivity and viscosity were tested at 20–60 °C. A correlation equation for the thermal conductivity ratio of the nanofluids was proposed. The heat transfer efficiency of the nanofluids was evaluated using the performance enhancement ratio (PER) and Mouromtseff number (Mo). The prepared EG/water-based GO/MXene nanofluids exhibited good chemical and dispersion stability. The thermal conductivity and viscosity of the nanofluids gradually increased with the GO/MXene dosage. The nanofluid containing 0.3 wt% GO/MXene nanoparticles exhibited the largest thermal conductivity increment of 33.49 % at 60 °C compared with EG/water and maintained the low viscosity. The proposed prediction equation based on the temperature and mass dosage was highly accurate. The PER and Mo demonstrated the suitability of the GO/MXene nanofluids for heat transfer applications.