FeMo modified Ru@TiO2 with ultralow Ru loading towards efficient degradation of methylene blue

Dimensionally stable RuO 2 -based anodes have achieved excellent performance in the field of electrochemical treatment of wastewater, however, the high price of Ru hinders its industrial application. Herein, TiO 2 nanotubes-supported RuO 2 with ultralow Ru loading (0.34 wt%) and trace Fe and Mo doping (RuFeMo@TiO 2 ) was prepared as anode for efficient degradation of methylene blue. It shows that Fe and Mo doping reduce the oxidation state of Ru (Ru n+ , n < 4). In addition, the potential electroactive sites of the electrodes are effectively enhanced by Mo doping. While the Fe doping is found to improve the generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide anion ( O 2 − ), which are the dominant oxidants for the degradation of methylene blue. In result, the RuFeMo@TiO 2 catalyst exhibits high performance towards methylene blue degradation of 97.5 % within 2 hours. It shows that the cooperation of trace transition metals enables efficient degradation of organic dye with ultralow-loaded Ru electrocatalyst, implying a promising application in wastewater treatment.