Fluorescence Sensing for Soluble Lead Using Cellulose Membrane Extraction

Fluorescence sensing for Pb2+ was developed using the in-situ growth of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals on a flexible cellulose film for the determination of Pb2+. Sulfhydryl groups were introduced onto the cellulose film to improve the extraction efficiency of Pb2+. The fluorescence signal exhibited a linear response to the Pb2+ concentration from 0.1 to 1.0 µg mL−1 with a detection limit of 3.2 × 10−2 µg mL−1. The film could be used to direct Pb2+ on a solid surface. The approach eliminates complex sample pretreatment, offering simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and rapid response. Its semi-quantitative capability shows promise for on-site screening of Pb2+ on surfaces (e.g., toy, pencils).