High acidity organic waste degradation and the potential to bioremediation of heavy metals in soil by an acid-tolerant Serratia sp.

Highly acidic citrus pomace (CP) is a byproduct of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae production and causes significant environmental damage. In this study, a newly isolated acid-tolerant strain of Serratia sp. JS-043 was used to treat CP and evaluate the effect of reduced acid citrus pomace (RACP) in passivating heavy metals. The results showed that biological treatment could remove 97.56% of citric acid in CP, the organic matter in the soil increased by 202.60% and the catalase activity in the soil increased from 0 to 0.117 U g −1 . Adding RACP into soil can increase the stabilization of Cu, Zn, As, Co, and Pb. Specifically, through the metabolism of strain JS-043, RACP was also involved in the stabilization of Zn and Pb, and Residual Fraction in the total pool of these metals increased by 10.73% and 10.54%, respectively. Finally, the genome sequence of Serratia sp. JS-043 was completed, and the genetic basis of its acid-resistant and acid-reducing characteristics was preliminarily revealed. JS-043 also contains many genes encoding proteins associated with heavy metal ion tolerance and transport. These findings suggest that JS-043 may be a high-potential strain to improve the quality of acidic organic wastes that can then be useful for soil bioremediation. Graphical Abstract