High-Efficiency Biomechanical Energy Harvesting Device with Enhanced Triboelectric Nanogenerator Performance Based on MXene Nanosheets Interfacial Polarization Strategy

This study presents a high-performance triboelectric nanogenerator fabricated by incorporating 2D-MXene nanosheets into a polyvinylidene fluoride-co -hexafluoropropylene negative tribo-layer using a simple blade-coating technique, combined with a Nylon positive tribo-layer. The assembled triboelectric nanogenerator exhibits outstanding electrical performance, with increases of 185%, 295%, and 184% in open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and transferred charge, respectively, compared to the original polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene nanogenerator. Under optimal conditions, the device demonstrates long-term stable output, achieving a peak-to-peak short-circuit current of 49.40 μA and a peak power density of 4.9 W/m². These performance improvements are mainly due to the strong interfacial polarization induced by the 20 wt.% MXene loading, which enhances the dielectric properties and charge-trapping capability of the negative tribo-layer. The device successfully harvests biomechanical energy from human motion, further demonstrating its potential for use in wearable electronics, real-time motion sensing, and biomechanical energy harvesting applications. This study emphasizes the critical importance of advanced materials engineering in developing of next-generation, self-powered sensors, and energy harvesting systems, which are essential for enabling sustainable and portable electronic technologies.