High-performance static formation of methane hydrate in fixed bed constructed by incorporating expanded graphite into polyimide foam

Hydrate has been endowed with great potential in energy storage and transportation. However, the kinetics of its formation process has been a challenge, often requiring dynamic mechanical processes that are energy-intensive and cumbersome to operate. Herein, a well-designed expanded graphite (EG)/polyimide (PI) foam was first explored as fixed bed for the formation of methane hydrate. The results demonstrate that the EG/PI fixed bed exhibits a remarkable performance in hydrate formation under static conditions, with a high gas storage capacity of 149 V/V, a short induction time and a rapid formation rate of 13.1 V·V −1 ·min −1 at 6 MPa and −2 °C, and excellent recyclability, which are attributed to its stable micro/macro structures. Thereinto, the pores of EG serves as gas adsorption and reaction sites, initialing the formation with extremely short induction time. The three-dimensional framework of PI foam supports the uniform dispersion of EG particles and enables the efficient formation of hydrate under static condition. The EG/PI fixed bed decreases the water freezing point and leads to a high supercooling that facilitates the rapid nucleation of hydrate. Meanwhile, the fixed bed provides extensive mass-transfer channels, sufficient growing space, and superior heat conductivity, which contribute to the hydrate growth under static condition. This work not only offers a novel strategy for fabricating high-performance fixed bed, but also provides an insight into its promotion mechanism in hydrate formation.