Hybrid cell membranes encapsulated MoS2 nanospheres as an efficient platform for synergetic PTT/PDT and real-time self-evaluation of therapeutic effect

The combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-involved photodynamic therapy (PDT) holds great promise in enhancing anticancer effect. Herein, a MoS 2 -based multifunctional biomimetic nanotherapeutic platform for synergistic PTT and PDT anti-tumor therapy and real-time self-evaluation of therapeutic effect was developed. MoS 2 hollow nanospheres and fluorescence TAPP-Ma was cloaked with a 4T1 cell-activated fibroblast cell (CM-AF) hybrid membrane to give nanosystem CM-AF-MoS 2 @TAPP-Ma. The hybrid membrane as a delivery system not only offers the nanotherapeutic platform with homotypic targeting ability, but also effectively eliminates the barrier effect of tumor tissue microenvironment. Caspase 3 (Casp3) inside cancer cells activated by the PTT effect of MoS 2 hollow nanospheres broken down TAPP-Ma, triggering the PDT of TAPP. At the same time, the fluoresce “turn-off” of TAPP-Ma provided the base for the self-evaluation of therapeutic effect. The in vitro and in vivo outcomes suggested that the MoS 2 -based multifunctional biomimetic nanotherapeutic platform exhibited synergistic cascade effect for cancer therapy, making it an promising anti-cancer candidate in biomedical clinical application.