Improving the catalytic activity and sintering resistance of Ni-BaCe0.7Zr0.1Y0.1Yb0.1O3−δ cermet anode for ammonia-fueled protonic ceramic fuel cells via Cobalt addition

Ammonia-fueled protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) are emerging as promising alternatives to H 2 -fueled PCFCs, offering advantages such as higher energy density and enhanced safety. However, their widespread application is impeded by challenges, including insufficient catalytic activity towards ammonia and limited stability of the anode structure. Herein, we report a rational design for Ni 97 Co 3 -BaCe 0.7 Zr 0.1 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3− δ (BCZYYb) cermet anodes, aimed at enhancing both catalytic activity and durability for ammonia utilization. The cell featuring the Ni 97 Co 3 -BCZYYb anode leverage the synergistic interaction between Ni and Co to enhance ammonia adsorption and nitrogen desorption, resulting in a remarkable 67.8 % increase in power density when operating with NH 3 at 600 °C. Notably, upon switching the fuel from H 2 to NH 3 , this achieves an unprecedented power retention of 87.2 % at 700 °C, representing one of the highest values recorded for ammonia-fueled PCFCs, while most ammonia-fueled cells exhibit power retention in the range of only 60–80 %. Furthermore, the cell with Ni 97 Co 3 -BCZYYb cermet anode demonstrates exceptional durability, stable operation over 30 h at 650 °C under NH 3 with no degradation observed. This longevity is attributed to the excellent sintering resistance of the NiCo alloy, highlighting the potential of the Ni 97 Co 3 -BCZYYb cermet anode for long-term applications. This work provides an effective strategy for designing highly active and durable anodes for ammonia-fueled PCFCs.