In situ metal-ion-incorporated photothermal GO films with an adjustable temperature range for personal thermal management

The utilization of advanced photothermal materials for personal thermal management to improve thermal comfort and regulate heat exchange between the human body and the environment is a focal point of research. Herein, this study presents the design of in situ metal-ion-incorporated photothermal GO films with high light capture efficiency (98.51% of GO–Fe-0.3 film) and exceptional photothermal conversion capability (∼61.3 °C under 1 solar illumination), offering temperature adjustability within the range of 39.1–61.3 °C. This temperature adjustability is facilitated by the straightforward control of the metal ion content, which enables versatile applications in daily human thermal regulation and high-temperature medical contexts. Furthermore, this strategy demonstrates scalability and flexibility through the variation of metal ion types. Practical simulations using a tailored flexible and wearable device reveal a rapid temperature increase of ∼61.5 °C within 600 s. Therefore, the in situ metal-ion-incorporated photothermal GO films exhibit significant potential in advancing photothermal conversion for adaptable personal thermal management.