Inhibition of ferroptosis protects intrahepatic bile duct cells against ischemia–reperfusion and bile salt toxicity

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and bile salt toxicity are significant contributors to post-transplant cholangiopathy. Ferroptosis appears to play a critical role in intrahepatic bile duct injury induced by ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) and bile salt toxicity. Our study aimed to elucidate the role of ferroptosis in bile duct injuries and its potential as a therapeutic target for liver diseases. Mouse models of liver ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) and α-naphthyl isocyanate (ANIT)-induced liver cholestasis were employed to investigate the role of ferroptosis in intrahepatic bile duct injury in vivo. Hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) and bile salt treatment models were utilized to simulate the post-transplant bile duct injury process in vitro. In mouse models of liver I/R and cholestasis, we observed a downregulation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and an upregulation of lipid peroxidation levels in bile duct cells. Furthermore, the ferroptosis inhibitor Liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) significantly attenuated intrahepatic bile duct injuries. Ferroptosis inhibitors alleviated cell death and lipid peroxide accumulation in human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells (HiBECs) subjected to H/R or glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDCA) treatment. GCDCA treatment led to ferroptosis in HiBECs along with ferritin degradation. Inhibition of autophagy alleviated GCDCA-induced bile duct cell death. Our study suggested that ferroptosis played an important role of in the intrahepatic bile duct injury during I/R or cholestasis.