Jiawei Qifuyin Enhances Immunity and Improves Cognitive Impairment in APP/PS1 Mice Through Modulation of Neuroinflammatory Pathways

Purpose To explore the protective effects and mechanisms of Jiawei Qifuyin on APP/PS1 mice, a model for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).Methods Network pharmacology tools were used to predict anti-AD targets and signaling pathways affected by Jiawei Qifuyin. In vitro studies assessed antioxidant and oxygen radical scavenging abilities, immune cell proliferation, and inflammatory cytokine levels in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV2 microglial cells. Cognitive ability in APP/PS1 mice was evaluated using the Morris Water Maze test. mRNA expression of neuroinflammatory factors, changes in intestinal microbiota, and short-chain fatty acid content were analyzed post-treatment.Results Network pharmacology predicted that Jiawei Qifuyin affects AKT1, TNF-α, and AGE/RAGE pathways. It showed concentration-dependent antioxidant effects and modulated immune cell proliferation. IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in LPS-induced BV2 cells were significantly reduced. Treated animals exhibited improved cognitive performance, decreased brain amyloid-beta levels, and downregulated expression of IL-1β, IL-6, RAGE, and NF-κB. Significant changes in intestinal microbiota composition and SCFA content were observed.Conclusion Jiawei Qifuyin may enhance immunity and improve cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice through regulation of inflammatory factors, gut microbiota, and the gut-brain axis.