Multi-omics Reveals the anti-aging effects and mechanisms of bound polyphenols from tea residue dietary fiber in 3-MCPD-induced Caenorhabditis elegans

Previous studies have shown that bound polyphenols from tea residue dietary fiber (TBP) were novel natural food ingredient with hypoglycemic activity, but the protective effects against aging have not been fully explored. This study investigated the potential of TBP to alleviate aging in Caenorhabditis elegans induced by 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms through transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. The results demonstrated that TBP markedly prolonged the lifespan of the nematodes, improved body morphology and locomotion, and effectively reduced reactive oxygen species and lipofuscin accumulation, while enhancing antioxidant defenses. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses further highlighted the critical role of the Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (insulin/IGF-1) signaling pathway in lifespan extension, with validation provided through gene expression and fluorescent mutants. These findings underscored the significant potential of TBP to counteract the adverse effects of 3-MCPD and extend lifespan, thereby providing a solid theoretical foundation for developing health products and exploring novel applications.