Orally Administrated Inulin-Modified Nanozymes for CT-Guided IBD Theranostics

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with no clinical cure. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the inflammatory sites leads to the onset and progression of IBD. And the current non-invasive imaging methods are not ideal for the diagnosis and monitoring of IBD.Methods Herein, we developed inulin (IN)-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2@IN NPs) for treatment and monitoring of IBD guided by computed tomography (CT). The physicochemical properties, ROS scavenging ability and CT imaging capabilities of CeO2@IN were investigated in vitro. Moreover, the therapeutic and targeted inflammation imaging effects of CeO2@IN were validated in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model.Results CeO2@IN with catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) capabilities effectively scavenged ROS, thus protecting the cells against oxidative stress. In colitis model mice, orally administered CeO2@IN successfully traversed the gastrointestinal tract to reach the colon under the protection of IN, and effectively reduced intestinal inflammation, thereby maintaining the intestinal epithelial integrity. Notably, CeO2@IN performed better than conventional CT contrast agents for gastrointestinal tract imaging, particularly in detecting the inflamed areas in the colon. In addition, CeO2@IN exhibited excellent biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion The study provided a novel integrated diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the treatment and monitoring of IBD, presenting great potential as a clinical application for IBD.