Polyvalent bacteriophages conjugated with ROS-scavenging nanozymes enhance antibiotic-resistant biofilm disruption and anti-inflammatory therapy

The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens has created a global public health challenge, demanding the development of efficient and safe therapeutic strategies. Herein, we present a novel nanozyme-armed phage system (PA3@RuO 2 ) designed to combat chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. This system combines the precision of phage therapy with an anti-inflammatory approach. The phage component, PA3, maintains its ability to specifically target and efficiently lyse a broad spectrum of P. aeruginosa strains. Meanwhile, RuO 2 nanozymes with reactive oxygen species-scavenging capabilities localize to infection sites, mitigating inflammation and hypoxia. This dual action enables bacterial clearance and inflammation reduction while ensuring the biocompatibility of PA3@RuO 2 with healthy tissues. In vivo studies further confirm the effectiveness of PA3@RuO 2 in treating chronic P. aeruginosa -induced wound infections and promoting tissue repair. Overall, these findings suggest that PA3@RuO 2 holds promise for developing non-antibiotic antibacterial therapies and advanced disinfection approaches.