Preventive effect of sea bass protein-based high internal phase Pickering emulsion loaded with astaxanthin on DEHP-induced liver lipid metabolism disorder

The present study was to investigate the effect of the astaxanthin high internal phase Pickering emulsion (H-AXT) on DEHP-induced liver lipid metabolism disorder and to demonstrate its possible protective mechanism. We have developed an antioxidant activity emulsion system to deliver astaxanthin into the liver to maximize its ability to protect the liver. In vitro , H-AXT intervention inhibited oxidative stress restored the level of mitochondrial membrane potential to 90 % of that of normal LO2 cells, and alleviated the imbalance of energy metabolism by protecting mitochondrial structure and function. Based on metabonomics, it was proved that H-AXT inhibited triglyceride accumulation by antagonizing lipid metabolism disorder. In DEHP-induced mice, H-AXT intervention mitigated liver damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction, and alleviated metabolic dysfunction by regulating lipid levels and inhibiting fat accumulation. Meanwhile, H-AXT alleviated DEHP-induced testicular tissue damage and maintained the integrity of testicular tissue. The encapsulation of the emulsion system effectively promoted the liver uptake of astaxanthin to prevent liver diseases associated with metabolic disorders.