Simultaneous alleviating oxidative stress and scavenging uric acid via Janus polyethersulfone hemodialysis membrane loaded with urate oxidase-like nanoenzyme

The decline of renal function for the patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) leads to the loss of uric acid excretion , which may reduce the prognosis of patients and increase mortality. Although hemodialysis could remove most uric acid , the long-term hemodialysis patients commonly face the problems of exacerbating oxidative stress and subsequent complications such as inflammation effects. In this work, urate oxidase-like (UOD-like) nanoenzyme is added to the blood side of polyethersulfone (PES) hemodialysis membrane by a simple double-casting phase inversion method, aiming to simultaneously achieve antioxidation and scavenge uric acid. The results demonstrate that the Janus PES/UOD membrane exhibits the ability to scavenge RNS (ABTS + , 59.75 %) and ROS (H 2 O 2 , 97.76 %; OH, 74.45 %), while efficiently clears 54.62 % uric acid. In addition, the membrane has good blood compatibility and does not cause hemolysis, complement activation , or coagulation. Furthermore, the membrane exhibits the water flux of 56.83 mL/m 2 ·h·mmHg, the urea clearance ratio of 95.33 %, and the BSA retention ratio of 99 %. Overall, we develop a promising hemodialysis membrane with antioxidant, and it opens a new route to fabricate multifunctional hemodialysis membranes.