Structural Engineering for Efficient Transparent Vacuum-Deposited Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes toward Intelligent Display

Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted significant interest in next-generation intelligent displays. Vacuum deposition is a promising method for integrating PeLEDs into intelligent displays due to its high manufacturability and easy pixelation, as proven in industrial organic light-emitting diode production. However, achieving spatially confined grains with optimized crystal remains challenging in vacuum-deposited perovskite. Here, a trisource coevaporation strategy is proposed to introduce MABr to form the MAxCs1–xPbBr3 structure with carriers’ spatial confinement and defect suppression as well. This approach enables PeLEDs to contain excellent external quantum efficiency (EQE), which is nearly 10-fold as the untreated device. Based on this, we realize the first reported vacuum-deposited transparent PeLEDs with double-sided emission and an amazing maximum EQE of 7.6% by replacing Al with an optimized Ag:Mg electrode. These transparent PeLEDs are integrated into a bifunctional intelligent display device with both accurate heart rate detection and imaging display, which exhibit bright patterned emission and accurate heart rate detection.