Synergy of hierarchical structures and multiple conduction mechanisms for designing ultra-wide linear range pressure sensors

Flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors with wide linear range, high sensitivity, low detection limit and fast response are highly desirable for wearable electronics, electronic skins, and human–machine interactions. Traditionally, achieving an optimal balance among sensitivity, detection limit, and linear range has been challenging, limiting practical applications of the sensors in various fields. Herein, a novel approach leveraging the synergy of hierarchical structures and multiple conduction mechanisms is available to overcome these limitations. The innovative sensor, composing of an interdigital electrode and a sandpaper-like pressure-sensitive layer with both ionic and electronic conduction, demonstrates an exceptional linear response (R 2  > 0.999) over a broad range of up to 1138 kPa. It combines high sensitivity (2.69 kPa −1 ) with a low detection limit (5.67 Pa) and exhibits rapid response/recovery times (13.77 ms and 18.73 ms, respectively), along with excellent long-term stability. These remarkable attributes make the sensor ideal for detecting full-range human physiological signals and supporting remote haptic interactions, showcasing its potential in personal health monitoring and interactive technologies.