Three-dimensionally oriented organization of hexagonal MIL-96 microplates toward superior film microstructure

ABSTRACT Preferential orientation control of metal–organic framework (MOF) films is advantageous for maximizing pore uniformity and minimizing grain-boundary defects. Nonetheless, the preparation of MOF films with both in-plane and out-of-plane orientations remains a grand challenge. In this study, we reported the preparation of three-dimensionally oriented MIL-96 layers through combining morphology control of MIL-96 seeds with addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone surfactants and arachidonic acids. The three-dimensionally oriented MIL-96 film was readily obtained through in-plane epitaxial growth. It is anticipated that the aforementioned protocol can be effective for obtaining diverse MOF films with a three-dimensionally oriented organization.