Tuning interlayer stacking of 2D covalent organic frameworks for high-resolution separation of C8 aromatic isomers

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has shown great potential as stationary phase in gas chromatography separation. However, designing COF stationary phases with high separation performance remains challenging. Here, we report a novel strategy to enhance the separation ability of COF stationary phases through tuning the interlayer stacking of COF. A rare interlayer modulation of 2D COFs from eclipsed-AA to slipped-AA was achieved through a two-step synthesis method. Simply changing the solvent used in step 1 allowed an interlayer modulation from slipped-AA to eclipsed-AA. As the proof-of-concept, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-21H,23H-porphyrin (Tph) and 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde (DHTA) were condensed to prepare 2D COF Tph-DHTA. The interlayer stacking of the 2D COF Tph-DHTA was tuned from eclipsed-AA model to slipped-AA by changing the solvent from o -dichlorobenzene +  n -butanol (3:1, v/v) to tetrahydrofuran +  n -butanol (1:7, v/v) in step 1. The as-prepared Tph-DHTA with slipped-AA stacking ( s -Tph-DHTA) showed higher resolution and faster separation of C8 aromatic isomers than that with eclipsed-AA stacking ( e -Tph-DHTA). The formation of slipping stacking of s -Tph-DHTA facilitated the thermodynamics, but did not affect the mass transfer resistance for the separation of C8 aromatic isomers. This work not only provides a promising way to modulate the stacking structure of COFs, but also opens a new strategy to design COF stationary phases for the separation of intractable isomers.