Ultra-high output triboelectric nanogenerator based on synergies of material modification and charge pumping

On the road to large-scale industrialization of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), higher output is the constant quest. Here, inspired by the ubiquitous synergies in nature, an ultra-high-output TENG is proposed based on the synergistic effect of internal modification of materials along with the external integration of a charge pumping module. The carefully chosen poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF-HFP)) film possesses strong polarization and high permittivity, which leads to excellent triboelectric properties, and can be further enhanced by doping BaTiO 3 (BTO) nanoparticles . Meanwhile, the elaborately designed and optimized charge pumping module endows it with the ability to pump affluent charges. As a consequence, a TENG based on 8 µm P(VDF-HFP)/BTO 1 wt% composite film can achieve an ultra-high total transfer charge density (TTCD) of 3.5 mC/m 2 under optimal charge pumping conditions. Compared to the output of the P(VDF-HFP)/BTO-based TENG (0.1 mC/m 2 ) and the output of the P(VDF-HFP)-based TENG under charge pumping (2.6 mC/m 2 ), the output of the P(VDF-HFP)/BTO-based TENG under charge pumping is greater than the sum of the above two devices, which indicates that the proposed synergistic effect for designing an ultra-high-output TENG is remarkable and successful. Moreover, a novel charge transfer pattern based on synergistic effect is proposed, expounding the role inherent modifications of P(VDF-HFP) and external integration of charge pumping modules play. This work presents a concept that is at the forefront of contemporary designs for ultra-high output TENGs, providing insight into the preparation of high-performance TENGs in a state-of-the-art manner.